Grass Types
Bluegrass / Rye / Fescue:
The majority of northern lawns are a combination of Kentucky bluegrass, ryegrass and fescues. Kentucky bluegrass will form the nicest lawn, but it has a very low shade tolerance. Ryegrass can tolerate heavy foot traffic, but does not tolerate extreme cold or drought conditions. Fescues (both tall and fine) are often found in mixes due to their tolerance of shade, foot traffic, cold and drought. When combined correctly, these grasses will form a dense turf that is acceptable for most northern lawns in the U.S.
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Feel: soft, with some coarse grass possibly mixed in (tall fescue)
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Growth: underground roots called rhizomes
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Additional: NOTE: Most northern lawns are a combination of Kentucky bluegrass, ryegrass and fescue(s). For more information, see the details for each individual grass type.
Kentucky Bluegrass:
Kentucky Bluegrass is one of the most popular grasses in the North. It has a deep, green color and excellent texture. It grows well from seed, and is a popular choice for sod farms in the North. It grows from a very extensive system of rhizomes, underground stems that produce new plants. However, it does not grow well in deep shade.
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Width: 1/8" wide
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Tip/blade: V-shaped blade with a canoe pointed tip
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Color: darker green than any other grass; same color on both sides
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Feel: soft
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Growth: aggressively through rhizomes
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Additional: mows cleanly and won't "crush" easily; goes dormant during drought
Fine Fescue:
The name fine fescue is actually a "coverall" for the various species of grasses in this group: red, chewings, hard, and sheep. Like the name implies, they are very fine textured with needle-like blades. Fine fescues are popular because of their shade tolerance. However, they do not tolerate heat and dry conditions.
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Width: 1/16" or less
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Tip/blade: blade is "hair-like" with a fine tip
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Color: dull, or gray-green color
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Feel: very soft feel
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Growth: grows fast
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Additional: red or purplish colored base; crushes easily; does not tolerate drought
Ryegrass:
Ryegrass is easy to spot in a lawn due to its shine. Also, it leaves a "whitish" cast when mowed. It is a bunchgrass, which germinates quickly and is often found in grass seed mixtures with Kentucky bluegrass. It is primarily found in cool-season areas of the north, but may not survive as far north as Minnesota, Wisconsin or Canada.
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Width: 1/8" wide
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Tip/blade: pointed tip
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Color: dark green, but lighter than bluegrass, and shiny on one side of the blade
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Feel: soft
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Growth: grows quickly from seed; a bunch-type grass that won't fill in naturally like bluegrass
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Additional: has visible veins on the blade; shreds when mowed with a dull blade; broad collar; sheaths below ground are reddish in color
Bent grass:
Bentgrass can be found on most golf courses in the northern U.S. It can be mowed as low as 1/10" and makes an ideal surface for putting greens and fairways. Even when mowed very low, it forms a dense turf with a very fine-textured feel. The costs to maintain a home lawn of Bentgrass can be very costly due to its needs for fungicides, insecticides, fertilizer and expensive equipment needed to mow it. It also requires frequent watering - almost daily. Unlike other northern grasses, it grows by an extensive production of stolons.
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Tip/blade: blades are narrow and flat
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Feel: soft
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Growth: low-mowing grass, often as low as 1/10"
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Additional: Used on golf courses throughout the North.
Zoysia:
Zoysiagrass forms a lawn that feels like a thick, prickly carpet. Zoysia is found mostly in and from the middle part of the U.S. and east toward the Carolinas. It can be found in the north, but will turn brown once the weather turns cold. It is a very slow-growing grass, and it can take more than a year to establish a lawn of zoysiagrass. It has stiff leaf blades and will produce numerous seed heads if it isn't mowed.
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Tip/blade: narrow, needle-like tip
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Feel: prickly, stiff blades
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Growth: slow growth
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Additional: prickly feel when walked on barefoot; stolons are often covered with tan-colored "husks"